his History of the University of Oxford :

          The year 1485 marks an epoch in history at Oxford 
     as elsewhere. Under the Tudors the mediaeval university 
     passed imperceptibly away. The old customs lost to some 
     extent their meaning. The old views of education altered. 
     The old lawless democratic spirit yielded unwillingly to 
     discipline. The Renaissance set up new ideals of learning. 
     The Reformation brought new energies to theological 
     debate. The old Halls were fast disappearing. The 
     Colleges, some of which had begun life as struggling little 
     communities of theologians or Arts-students, grew into 
     larger and wealthier societies, with a fuller share in the 
     government of the place. Undergraduate Commoners, as 
     we know them, came more definitely into view. Several 
     Colleges had from the beginning elected undergraduates